The link between diabetes and dementia

There is a definite link between diabetes and dementia. The risk of developing dementia is increased when you live with diabetes, but there are things you can do to help you stay well.

While the exact reasons remain unclear, factors that appear to increase the risk of dementia include: 

• Hyperglycaemia (high blood glucose levels)
• Insulin resistance – usually present in type 2 diabetes
• Risk factors for heart disease and stroke such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol
• Hypoglycaemia (blood glucose levels less than 4 mmol/L) - for people using insulin or a group of tablets called sulphonylureas (this won’t be written on the box so check with your doctor or pharmacist to see if your tablets are from this group).

Reducing the risk of dementia

Lowering the risk of dementia involves similar strategies to those used for reducing the risk of diabetes complications:

• Setting clear blood glucose targets: Speak to your doctor about what your blood glucose targets are.
• Regular monitoring: Check glucose levels as recommended and aim to keep them within your target range.
• Managing overall health:  Manage blood pressure, cholesterol and body weight.
• Medication: Take all prescribed medicines on time.
• Healthy diet: Consume a variety of nutritious foods, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, lean meats or low-fat alternatives, and low-fat dairy products or alternatives, similar to the Mediterranean diet.
• Physical activity: Stay as active as you can and reduce time spent sitting.
• Mental and social engagement: Keep your brain active and stay socially connected.

Impact of dementia on diabetes management

For people living with both dementia and diabetes, recognising symptoms of high or low blood glucose levels can become challenging. When diagnosed with dementia, it is crucial to review the management plan with a doctor to:

• Simplify medication routine: Ensure that the medication regimen is as straightforward as possible.
• Review medication suitability: Confirm that the prescribed medications are suitable, considering potential risks of hypoglycaemia, urinary infections, or dehydration.
• Adjust blood glucose targets: Higher blood glucose targets may be necessary to prevent hypoglycaemia.
• Referral to specialists: Seek support from health professionals or specialists as needed.

Early diagnosis and support

If you suspect early signs of dementia, visit your doctor as soon as possible. Early diagnosis allows for early treatment, which can slow the progression of dementia. If you have already been diagnosed with dementia, seek support early in your diagnosis.

For carers of people with diabetes and dementia, resources and support are available. Early intervention and proper management can make a big difference in the quality of life for both the person with dementia and the carer.

For more information and support, please refer to the following links:

• Dementia Australia
• For family, friends and carers
• Carer Gateway

By understanding the link between diabetes and dementia and implementing effective management strategies, individuals can reduce their risk and maintain a better quality of life.